Antioxidant Therapies: A New Boost in Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment

 In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), something called oxidative stress—basically too many harmful molecules and not enough defenses—plays a big part in making inflammation worse and damaging joints.

Some natural remedies and antioxidant treatments, like certain foods and supplements, might actually help. Things like turmeric (curcumin), red wine compounds (resveratrol), broccoli extract (sulforaphane), bee propolis, and NAC have shown potential to calm the immune system and reduce damage. This has been studied in 

Antioxidant Therapies as Emerging Adjuncts in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Targeting Oxidative Stress to Enhance Treatment Outcomes

Vitamins and even treatments using molecular hydrogen could also help bring the body back into balance and boost overall health. While early research looks promising, scientists still need to do more studies to figure out how well these options really work.

In the future, these kinds of treatments might become a bigger part of RA care—especially as medicine becomes more personalized. The big goal is to not just treat the symptoms, but help people feel better and avoid long-term joint problems.

🧪 Antioxidants as Supportive RA Therapies

Antioxidants are getting a lot of attention for helping with RA because oxidative stress plays a big role in the disease. They not only clean up harmful molecules (ROS), but also calm down the immune response and inflammation. When used alongside standard treatments like DMARDs, they might boost results and ease side effects.

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🌿 1. Curcumin (from turmeric)

• Fights inflammation by blocking the NF-κB pathway.

• Activates Nrf2, which boosts antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx).

• Helps balance the immune system — lowers bad cytokines like IL-17, boosts Tregs.

• Clinical studies show it can reduce inflammation and joint pain.

• Bioavailability is low, so it's often taken with piperine or in special forms (like nanoparticles).

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🍷 2. Resveratrol & Other Polyphenols

• Found in red wine, grapes, etc.

• Stops bone damage by blocking osteoclasts and calming inflammatory pathways (NF-κB, MAPK).

• Boosts mitochondrial health and reduces damaging enzymes (MMPs).

• Other helpful polyphenols:

  • Quercetin (in apples/onions): antioxidant, reduces TNF-α and IL-6.

  • EGCG (green tea): reduces joint damage and inflammation.

  • Pomegranate extract: lowers TNF-α, IL-1β, boosts HO-1.

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💊 3. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC)

• Boosts glutathione, a powerful internal antioxidant.

• Blocks NF-κB, reduces CRP and ESR (inflammatory markers).

• Protects joints by stopping aggressive synovial fibroblasts and overactive osteoclasts.

• Shown to help in both animal studies and early clinical trials.

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🥦 4. Sulforaphane (from broccoli)

• Activates Nrf2 and reduces NF-κB activity.

• Calms down overactive immune cells like B and T lymphocytes.

• Decreases IL-17 and autoantibody production.

• Can shift immune balance, reduce inflammation, and protect joints.

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🐝 5. Propolis (bee resin)

• Blocks NF-κB and reduces cytokines like IL-6 and IL-17.

• Boosts antioxidant enzymes and reduces oxidative stress.

• Modulates immune system: suppresses Th17 and supports Tregs.

• Results from clinical trials are mixed — some forms (like Brazilian propolis) show promise, others not so much.

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💨 6. Molecular Hydrogen (H₂)

• Targets the worst ROS (like •OH and ONOO⁻) without messing with good ones like H₂O₂.

• Super tiny — easily enters cells, even mitochondria, to reduce stress and damage.

• Activates Nrf2, blocks NF-κB, and reduces inflammation.

• Can be inhaled, drunk (as H₂-rich water), injected, or used in baths.

• Safe and promising, especially for chronic inflammation.

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💊 7. Vitamins (D, B12, C, K)

• Vitamin D: immune modulator, helps bones, reduces RA symptoms.

• Vitamin B12: often low in RA patients, especially those on methotrexate; helps nerves, energy, and lowers homocysteine.

• Vitamin C: strong antioxidant, supports collagen (joint health), but dose carefully.

• Vitamin K: supports bone health and helps control inflammation.

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✅ Final Takeaway:

Natural antioxidants—whether from food, supplements, or things like hydrogen—show real promise for helping manage RA. They work by calming inflammation, protecting cells, and boosting the body's own defense systems. Most need more clinical research, but as add-ons to standard RA treatments, they’re worth watching.

Read study report:

Antioxidant Therapies as Emerging Adjuncts in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Targeting Oxidative Stress to Enhance Treatment Outcomes by 

Rafał Bilski

 & 

Jarosław Nuszkiewicz from Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University,  Poland in MDPI, March 2025.

Related topics:

Turmeric benefits

Supplements for Pain and Inflammation Relief

Vitamin C: Aiding the immune system

Think psoriasis is just a rash? Think again.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by patches of abnormal skin, that affects between 2 percent and 3 percent of the world’s population. But psoriasis is more than skin deep. It is associated with many diseases and the disease associations just keep growing.

Psoriasis and just some of its associations to systemic diseases of a chronic inflammatory nature

Bruce Jancin writing in Rheumatology News reported on information presented at the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. Published studies have linked psoriasis with significant increases in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, multiple sclerosis, migraines, uveitis, pancreatitis, and abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) refers to a group of diseases that impair the flow of air to the lungs, making it more difficult to breathe.  A 2015 review concluded that people with psoriasis had an approximately two-fold greater risk of developing COPD, compared with the general population. The risk was higher in people with severe psoriasis. 

Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory, autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that disrupts communications between the brain and other parts of the body. A meta-analysis of 43,643 patients with multiple sclerosis shows that these patients have an increased incidence and prevalence of psoriasis. Association of Multiple Sclerosis with Psoriasis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.

Migraines are a common neurological disorder, characterised by moderate to severe headache and nausea. Psoriasis was found to be associated with an almost 4-fold increase in risk for migraine in US research at the New York University School of Medicine in 2019. Psoriasis and the risk of migraines in the United States.

Uveitis is inflammation in the eye which affects the middle layer of tissue in the eye wall. The results of a 2020 study revealed significantly increased risk of both prevalent and incident uveitis among patients with psoriasis. Psoriasis and Risk of Uveitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, an organ that sits near the stomach and liver. A 2016 study demonstrated that patients with psoriasis are at a significantly elevated risk of CP and the risk increased with severity of psoriasis. The Risk of Chronic Pancreatitis in Patients with Psoriasis: A Population-Based Cohort Study. 

Abdominal aortic aneurysm is a localized enlargement of the abdominal aorta. Psoriasis was found to be an independent risk factor for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA), according to a 2016 Danish study, published in Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology: Nationwide Study on the Risk of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms in Patients With Psoriasis.

Here is a list from the National Psoriasis Foundation/USA of Related Conditions of Psoriasis which also includes Cardiovascular Disease, Metabolic Syndrome, Obesity, Hypertension, Dyslipidemia, Diabetes, Anxiety and Depression, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Cancer, Kidney Disease, Sleep Apnea and Hepatic (liver) Disease.

Video Comment by Dr Nathan Wei of the Arthritis Treatment Center : A more serious condition than we thought.

Nathan Wei, MD FACP FACR was a rheumatologist and Director of the Arthritis Center of Maryland. He was a Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine at the University of Maryland School of Medicine at the time of creating this video.

Updated rheumatoid arthritis treatment recommendations

EULAR – The European Alliance of Rheumatology Associations – has updated its recommendations on disease-modifying treatment for people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to take into account developments and new evidence in the field.

Three small changes and one major change have been implemented, the major change involving Janus kinase inhibitors.

The updated recommendations were developed by a multidisciplinary task force of rheumatologists, other health professionals, and patient research partners. 

The information is based on evidence collected from three systematic reviews across efficacy and safety of both DMARDs and glucocorticoids.

WHAT IS EULAR?

EULAR is the European umbrella organisation representing scientific societies, health professional associations and organisations for people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs). EULAR stands for The European Alliance of Rheumatology Associations.

You can view the full update in pdf form here

SOURCES:

UPDATED Rheumatoid Arthritis #RA TREATMENT RECOMMENDATIONS 2022 update published in the Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases https://www.eular.org/sysModules/obxContent/files/www.eular.2015/1_4229

ORIGINAL EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2022 update

https://ard.bmj.com/content/early/2022/11/10/ard-2022-223356

Rheumatoid arthritis and Sjögren's syndrome linked to higher risk of carpal tunnel syndrome

Newswise - People with two autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and Sjögren’s syndrome, are at an increased risk for developing carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), and should be screened for CTS and made aware of this risk, according to a new study presented this week at the Association of Academic Physiatrists Annual Meeting in Puerto Rico.

The relationship between CTS and autoimmune diseases is still unclear. Although RA is a known risk factor for developing CTS, physicians still do not know its exact role. CTS involves compression of the median nerve through the wrist at the carpal tunnel, and its symptoms include pain, tingling, and numbness in the fingers. To find out more about the relationship between CTS and common autoimmune diseases, researchers at the Taipei Veterans General Hospital Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation conducted a cohort study focusing on autoimmune rheumatic disease (ARD) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients.

“Patients with autoimmune diseases may be considered with variable conditions, including the involvement of peripheral nerve system. Yet, there were only suspicions regarding ARD/IBD and CTS due to lack of large-scale cohort study to verify. This study provides the epidemiological evidence to support the correlation. Carpal tunnel syndrome is a disease that may affect health-related quality of life. Early diagnosis when managing patients with RA and Sjögren’s syndrome with adequate early health education and treatment could decrease the influence of CTS,” said Po-Cheng Hsu, MD, the study’s co-author.

The study’s findings suggest that people with Sjögren’s disease and RA have an increased risk of CTS compared to the general population, and screening for CTS in patients with these autoimmune diseases may be warranted.

“These findings provide information that clinical practitioners and patients may keep in mind: the classical symptoms of (numbness, tingling and paresthesia may be related to CTS,” said Dr. Hsu.

Disease in focus: Juvenile Arthritis

This article will explain the different types of Juvenile Arthritis and give some practical tips to Help a Child Live Well With Juvenile Arthritis. If you scroll down to the end you will find links to forums, books written by children, personal stories, videos and other links relating to Juvenile Arthritis.

What Is Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis?

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is currently the most widely accepted term to describe various types of chronic arthritis in children.

In general, the symptoms of juvenile idiopathic arthritis include joint pain, swelling, tenderness, warmth, and stiffness that last for more than 6 continuous weeks. It is divided into seven separate subtypes, each with characteristic symptoms:

1. Systemic arthritis (formerly known as systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis). A patient has arthritis with, or that was preceded by, a fever that has lasted for at least 2 weeks. It must be documented as an intermittent fever, spiking for at least 3 days, and it must be accompanied by at least one or more of the following:
   • Generalized enlargement of the lymph nodes.
   • Enlargement of the liver or spleen.
   • Inflammation of the lining of the heart or the lungs (pericarditis or pleuritis).
   • The characteristic rheumatoid rash, which is flat, pale, pink, and generally not itchy. The individual spots of the rash are usually the size of a quarter or smaller. They are present for a few minutes to a few hours, and then disappear without any changes in the skin. The rash may move from one part of the body to another.
2. Oligoarthritis (formerly known as pauciarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis). A patient has arthritis affecting one to four joints during the first 6 months of disease. Two subcategories are recognized:
   • Persistent oligoarthritis, which means the child never has more than four joints involved throughout the disease course.
   • Extended oligoarthritis, which means that more than four joints are involved after the first 6 months of the disease.
3. Polyarthritis—rheumatoid factor negative (formerly known as polyarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis—rheumatoid factor negative). A patient has arthritis in five or more joints during the first 6 months of disease, and all tests for rheumatoid factor (proteins produced by the immune system that can attack healthy tissue, which are commonly found in rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile arthritis) are negative.
4. Polyarthritis—rheumatoid factor positive (formerly known as polyarticular rheumatoid arthritis—rheumatoid factor positive). A patient has arthritis in five or more joints during the first 6 months of the disease. Also, at least two tests for rheumatoid factor, at least 3 months apart, are positive.
5. Psoriatic arthritis. Patients have both arthritis and psoriasis (a skin disease), or they have arthritis and at least two of the following:
   • inflammation and swelling of an entire finger or toe (this is called dactylitis)
   • nail pitting or splitting
   • a first-degree relative with psoriasis.
6. Enthesitis-related arthritis. The enthesis is the point at which a ligament, tendon, or joint capsule attaches to the bone. If this point becomes inflamed, it can be tender, swollen, and painful with use. The most common locations are around the knee and at the Achilles tendon on the back of the ankle. Patients are diagnosed with this juvenile idiopathic arthritis subtype if they have both arthritis and inflammation of an enthesitis site, or if they have either arthritis or enthesitis with at least two of the following:
   • inflammation of the sacroiliac joints (at the bottom of the back) or pain and stiffness in the lumbosacral area (in the lower back)
   • a positive blood test for the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) B27 gene
   • onset of arthritis in males after age 6 years
   • a first-degree relative diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis, enthesitis-related arthritis, or inflammation of the sacroiliac joint in association with inflammatory bowel disease or acute inflammation of the eye.
7. Undifferentiated arthritis. A child is said to have this subtype of juvenile idiopathic arthritis if the arthritis manifestations do not fulfill the criteria for one of the other six categories or if they fulfill the criteria for more than one category.

How Can the Family Help a Child Live Well With Juvenile Arthritis?

Juvenile arthritis affects the entire family, all of whom must cope with the special challenges of this disease. Juvenile arthritis can strain a child’s participation in social and after-school activities and make schoolwork more difficult. Family members can do several things to help the child physically and emotionally.

• Get the best care possible. Ensure that the child receives appropriate medical care and follows the doctor’s instructions. If possible, have a pediatric rheumatologist manage your child’s care. If such a specialist is not close by, consider having your child see one yearly or twice a year. A pediatric rheumatologist can devise a treatment plan and consult with your child’s doctor, who will help you carry it out and monitor your child’s progress.
• Learn as much as you can about your child’s disease and its treatment. (The resources listed at the end of this publication can help.) Many treatment options are available, and because juvenile arthritis is different in each child, what works for one may not work for another. If the medications that the doctor prescribes do not relieve symptoms or if they cause unpleasant side effects, you and your child should discuss other choices with the doctor. A person with juvenile arthritis can be more active when symptoms are controlled.
• Consider joining a support group. Try to find other parents and kids who face similar experiences. It can help you—and your child—to know you’re not alone. Some organizations have support groups for people with juvenile arthritis and their families.
• Treat the child as normally as possible. Try not to cut your child too much slack just because he or she has arthritis. Too much coddling can keep your child from being responsible and independent and can cause resentment in siblings.
• Encourage exercise and physical therapy for the child. For many young people, exercise and physical therapy play important roles in managing juvenile arthritis. Parents can arrange for children to participate in activities that the doctor recommends. During symptom-free periods, many doctors suggest playing team sports or doing other activities. The goal is to help keep the joints strong and flexible, to provide play time with other children, and to encourage appropriate social development.
• Work closely with your child’s school. Help your child’s school to develop a suitable lesson plan, and educate your child’s teacher and classmates about juvenile arthritis. Some children with juvenile arthritis may be absent from school for prolonged periods and need to have the teacher send assignments home. Some minor changes—such as having an extra set of books or leaving class a few minutes early to get to the next class on time—can be a great help. With proper attention, most children progress normally through school.
• Talk with your child. Explain that getting juvenile arthritis is nobody’s fault. Some children believe that juvenile arthritis is a punishment for something they did. Let your child know you are always available to listen, and help him or her in any way you can.
• Work with therapists or social workers. They can help you and your child adapt more easily to the lifestyle changes juvenile arthritis may bring.

Do These Children Have to Limit Activities?

Although pain sometimes limits physical activity, exercise is important for reducing the symptoms of juvenile arthritis and maintaining function and range of motion of the joints. Most children with juvenile arthritis can take part fully in physical activities and selected sports when their symptoms are under control. During a disease flare, however, the doctor may advise limiting certain activities, depending on the joints involved. Once the flare is over, the child can start regular activities again.

Swimming is particularly useful because it uses many joints and muscles without putting weight on the joints. A doctor or physical therapist can recommend exercises and activities.

See the full publication from National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) 

HOSPITALS:

Hospitals known for treating childhood autoimmune conditions

MORE INFORMATION ABOUT JIA & JA:

ENCA:  Global foundation for Children, and families, with Juvenile Rheumatic & Musculoskeletal Conditions
Arthritis Ireland: videos for different ages
Kids Get Arthritis Too by Arthritis Foundation USA
Juvenile Arthritis Foundation Australia (JAFA)
Juvenile Arthritis: article by Arthritis Foundation USA

Children with Arthritis by Arthritis Foundation of WA

Kid's Health: Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

US Helpline

PERSONAL STORIES:

• Bailey's Story
• James's and Adam's stories.
• Madeline's story: video 
• Harry's story. : video
• Peter's Story: video
• Jackson's Story
• Children with Arthritis - video
• Australian children: video

FORUMS:

• Health Central - Living with JIA
• Daily Strength - Juvenile Arthritis
• Search for Juvenile Arthritis in Groups on Facebook
• Facebook Forum Arthritis & Osteoporosis Western Australia
• My child has arthritis Arthritis Care 

TREATMENTS other than medications:
Can Manual Therapy Help Kids with Arthritis 

Lauren's story with Homeopathy

How common is remission in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A systematic review

BOOKS ABOUT JUVENILE ARTHRITIS:

I have Juvenile Arthritis Too by Brooke Taylor.

Book written by a teenager with Juvenile Arthritis: Juvenile Arthritis: The Ultimate Teen Guide (It Happened to Me) 

The Worst Pain in the World by Nicky Johnston.

RESEARCH ARTICLES: 

Specific Autoantibodies More Prevalent in JA Patients

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis

New classification criteria for juvenile idiopathic arthritis: 2023

Supplements for Pain and Inflammation Relief

If you’re looking for supplements that can help with pain and inflammation, especially for something like rheumatoid arthritis, here are some of the most popular and evidence-backed options:

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🟢 Natural Anti-Inflammatory Supplements

1. Turmeric / Curcumin (with Black Pepper)

• Why: Strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

• How it works: Inhibits NF-κB (a key inflammation driver).

• Tip: Look for formulas with piperine (black pepper extract) to improve absorption.

2. Omega-3 Fatty Acids (Fish Oil)

• Why: Reduces joint pain and stiffness.

• How it works: Lowers levels of inflammatory markers like CRP and IL-6.

• Tip: Go for high EPA and DHA content.

3. Ginger

• Why: Works similarly to NSAIDs but gentler on the stomach.

• How it works: Blocks COX enzymes involved in pain/inflammation.

• Bonus: Helps with digestion too.

4. Boswellia Serrata (Indian Frankincense)

• Why: Known for joint pain relief.

• How it works: Reduces leukotrienes (inflammation-producing molecules).

5. Resveratrol

• Why: Found in red grapes and berries, supports joint health.

• How it works: Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant; modulates cytokine activity.

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⚡ Cell Protection & Immune Modulation

6. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC)

• Why: Boosts glutathione, your body’s master antioxidant.

• How it helps: Reduces oxidative stress and joint damage.

7. Vitamin D

• Why: Many people with chronic pain or autoimmune conditions are low.

• How it helps: Supports immune balance and reduces inflammation.

8. Magnesium

• Why: Calms nerves, relaxes muscles, and helps with inflammation.

• Bonus: May also help with sleep, which can reduce pain sensitivity.

9. Vitamin C + Vitamin E

• Why: Protect cells from damage.

• How they help: Reduce oxidative stress, which contributes to inflammation.

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🌿 Up-and-Coming Options

10. Sulforaphane

• Found in: Broccoli sprouts.

• Why: Activates Nrf2 pathway, your body’s anti-inflammatory defense system.

11. Propolis

• Why: Bee product with immune-balancing effects.

• Bonus: Also acts as an antioxidant.

12. Molecular Hydrogen (H₂)

• Why: Selectively neutralizes harmful ROS without disrupting cell signaling.

• How it’s used: Inhaled, hydrogen water, or infused saline.

Dr Mercola, Fellow of the American College of Nutrition,
 recommends:

1. Turmeric in particular has been shown to be effective against both acute and chronic pain. In experiments on rats, turmeric appeared to block inflammatory pathways associated with rheumatoid arthritis.

2. Boswellia, also known as boswellin or "Indian frankincense" is another herb I've found to be particularly useful against arthritic inflammation and associated pain.

3. Ginger also has anti-inflammatory properties and can offer pain relief. Fresh ginger works well steeped in boiling water as a tea or grated into vegetable juice.

4. Astaxanthin has been shown to effectively reduce pain. In one study, RA sufferers experienced a 35 percent improvement in pain levels, as well as a 40 percent improvement in their ability to perform daily activities after receiving astaxanthin for only eight weeks.

Turmeric's benefits

The primary active ingredient found in Turmeric is curcumin. 

Curcumin is the nutrient from the plant that gives the strong yellow colour.

In both Ayurvedic medicine and Chinese medicine there are many health benefits of turmeric.

Recently turmeric has been said to provide temporary relief from the pain of arthritis and to help reduce joint inflammation associated with arthritis. Research shows it also :

• improves digestion
• fights alzheimer's disease and cancer
• purifies the blood
• supports the liver

So how do you take turmeric? It is hard to find a definitive, well researched answer to this. Some people report relief for their arthritis from a teaspoon a day mixed into their scrambled eggs others try and eat more curry dishes. 

Many say it should come from an organic source. Some say the benefits are diminished somewhat by heating it and recommend mixing it with yogurt or coconut milk. 

People who sell the capsules say this is the only way to get enough.

It makes sense to me to start with whatever is the simplest way for you and see if you get improvements but my favourite idea is what the Okinawans do (and they have the longest lifespan on the planet).

Okinawans, who live longer than any other group of people, drink turmeric tea.
Here's a recipe:

• 1 teaspoon of ground turmeric
• add it to three cups of boiled water
• simmer gently for ten minutes
• take off the heat
• Strain liquid through a very fine strainer to remove all of the powder from the tea
• drink
• add honey or maple syrup if you want it sweeter
• some add freshly squeezed lemon juice or ginger 

Here is some Organic Turmeric  in powder form that I recommend.
Here are good quality turmeric capsules.

Turmeric root has been used medicinally in China and India for thousands of years. 
The active components are thought to be the curcuminoids, primarily curcumin, which is commonly available worldwide as a standardized extract. 
This article reviews the pharmacology of curcuminoids, their use and efficacy, potential adverse effects, and dosage and standardization. Preclinical studies point to mechanisms of action that are predominantly anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic, while early human clinical trials suggest beneficial effects for dyspepsia, peptic ulcer, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, uveitis, orbital pseudotumor, and pancreatic cancer. 

Contraindications: Has potential to trigger biliary colic in individuals with gallstones. (Clinical Utility of Curcumin Extract Gary N. Asher, MD, MPH; Kevin Spelman, PhD)

REFERENCES:
Wood, R. The Whole Foods Encyclopedia. New York, NY: Prentice-Hall Press; 1988.

The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center

Arbiser JL, Klauber N, Rohan R, et al. Curcumin is an in vivo inhibitor of angiogenesis. Mol Med 1998.

Asai A, Nakagawa K, Miyazawa T. Antioxidative effects of turmeric, rosemary and capsicum extracts on membrane phospholipid peroxidation and liver lipid metabolism in mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 1999.

Balasubramanian K. Molecular Orbital Basis for Yellow Curry Spice Curcumin's Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease. J. Agric. Food Chem.,  2006.

Clinical Utility of Curcumin Extract Gary N. Asher, MD, MPH; Kevin Spelman, PhD

Help arthritic pain and inflammation

Researchers at Cardiff University in Wales found that cod-liver oil - is effective
in treating arthritic joint pain and slowing the destruction of joint cartilage. The omega-3 fatty acids in the oil turn off the collagen-degrading enzymes that
break down joint cartilage. This leads to a slower of cartilage destruction and reduces inflammation and pain. I remember my grandmother saying she had to have a teaspoon of cod liver oil a day. Why did we stop?